Ruler
Augustus (Octavian)
First Roman emperor, who annexed Egypt in 30 BCE
30 BCE – 14 CE
Years of his rule over Egypt, from 30 BCE to his death in 14 CE.
Biography
He defeated Cleopatra and Antony and annexed Egypt to Rome. He did not make it an ordinary province run by the Senate, but kept it under his own control, governed by a prefect of equestrian rank.
Key facts
Certainty: Established
Tacitus says Augustus barred senators from entering Egypt without the emperor’s permission.
- Tacitus “Annals (early 2nd century CE)”, II.59
- Alan K. Bowman (1986) “Egypt after the Pharaohs, 332 BC–AD 642” British Museum Press